生涯决策困难问卷

来自心百科，心灵的百科全书

生涯决策困难问卷（Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire，简称 CDDQ）是由Gati等人于1996年编制，根据决策理论，从职业决策困难的一般理论分类法发展而来的[1]。

理论背景[编辑]

生涯未决（career indecision）是职业心理学在理论与实践中特别关注的一个方面，指个体未能对希望从事的生涯做出决定。职业认同、状态焦虑、特质焦虑、控制点、抑郁以及不良生涯思维都与生涯未决相关。

测量生涯未决的一个重要概念是生涯决策困难（career decision-making difficulties）。Gati等（1996）将生涯决策的过程划分成几个不同的成分，他们认为，每个成分都由各种困难构成。依据理论总结和实证研究，他们将这些困难按层级划分成3种类型：缺乏准备性（包括缺乏动机、犹豫不决、不良信念）；缺乏信息（包括对决策过程缺乏了解、对自己缺乏了解、对生涯缺乏了解以及对获得其他信息的途径缺乏了解）；不一致信息（包括不可靠的信息、内在冲突以及外在冲突）。缺乏准备性发生在决策过程之前，缺乏信息和不一致信息则发生在决策过程之中。该决策模型从决策困难角度探讨职业决策问题，易于理解，尤其适用于面临很多选项时以理性的方式做出职业选择的情况。

量表英文版[编辑]

Prior to the beginning of the process

Lack of Readiness

  • Lack of Motivation (Rm)
    • 1. Unwillingness to make a career decision
    • 2. Work is not perceived as the most important thing in life
    • 3. Feeling that time will lead to the "right" career choice
  • Indecisiveness (Ri)
    • 4. A general difficulty in making decisions
    • 5. A general need for confirmation and support for decisions
    • 6. A general tendency to avoid commitment
    • 7. A general fear of failure
  • Dysfunctional Myths (Rd)
    • 8. The belief that entering a career will solve personal problems
    • 9. The belief that there is an ideal career which can fulfill all aspirations
    • 10. The belief that a career choice is a one-time thing and a life-long obligation
  • Lack of Knowledge About the Process of Career Decision Making (Lp)
    • 11. About the steps involved in making a career decision
    • 12. About the factors to take into consideration
    • 13. About how to combine information concerning the self and career alternatives
During the process

Lack of Information

  • Lack of Information About Self (Ls)
    • 14. Lack of information about abilities
    • 15. Lack of information about personality traits
    • 16. Lack of information about preferred career alternatives
    • 17. Lack of information about career-related preferences
    • 18. Lack of information about abilities in the future
    • 19. Lack of information about personality traits in the future
    • 20. Lack of information about career alternatives that will be preferred in the future
    • 21. Lack of information about career-related preferences in the future
  • Lack of Information About Occupations (Lo)
    • 22. Lack of information about the variety of career or training alternatives
    • 23. Lack of information about the characteristics of the career or training alternatives that interest the individual
    • 24. Lack of information about the variety of future career or training alternatives
    • 25. Lack of information about the future characteristics of the career or training alternatives
  • Lack of Information About Ways of Obtaining Additional Information (La)
    • 26. Lack of information about ways of obtaining additional information about the self
    • 27. Lack of information about ways of obtaining additional information about career and training alternatives

Inconsistent Information

  • Unreliable Information (Iu)
    • 28. Unreliable information about abilities
    • 29. Unreliable information about personality traits
    • 30. Unreliable information about preferred career alternatives
    • 31. Unreliable information about career-related preferences
    • 32. Unreliable information about the existence of a particular career or training alternative
    • 33. Unreliable information about the characteristics of career or training alternative(s)
  • Internal Conflicts (Ii)
    • 34. Unwillingness to compromise
    • 35. Several equally attractive career alternatives
    • 36. Dislike of accessible career alternatives
    • 37. Something in a preferred career alternative is undesirable
    • 38. Preferences that cannot be combined in one career alternative
    • 39. Abilities are insufficient for the requirements of the preferred career alternative
    • 40. Abilities exceed those required in the preferred career alternative
  • External Conflicts (Ie)
    • 41. Disagreement between a significant other and the individual concerning the desirable career alternative
    • 42. Disagreement between a significant other and the individual concerning the desirable career-related characteristics
    • 43. Disagreement between different significant others concerning the recommended career alternative
    • 44. Disagreement between different significant others concerning the recommended career-related characteristics
  1. ^ Gati, I. , Krausz, M. , & Osipow, S. H. . (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 510-526.

生涯决策困难问卷（Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire）

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