帮助:显示数学公式

MediaWiki使用一系列TEX标记，包括从LaTeX及AMS-LaTeX的扩展来显示数学公式。根据用户的参数设置及公式的复杂程度，公式会用PNG图像显示，或用简单的HTML元素模拟。

准确地说，MediaWiki通过Texvc过滤标记，结果传回到TEX的命令用于事实上的渲染。因此，只有完整TEX语言的一小部分是支持的，参见下方以了解详情。

要渲染数学公式，您必须加载数学扩展。

技术信息

语法

传统的数学标记在XML形式的标签math内：<math> ... </math>。旧版的编辑工具栏有此链接，可以通过自定义WikiEditor工具栏来添加类似地按钮。图标是像这样的：和$\sum$。

然而，也可以使用解析器函数#tag来显示公式: {{#tag:math|...}}。这个方法更加强大，因为解析器函数的参数会先展开，然后再解释为TEX代码。所以这里可以包含模板参数、变量、其他解析器函数、其他模板等。然而，请注意TEX语法内如果遇到双重花括号，则必须用空格隔开，以免被误解析为模板调用。另外，如果要在公式里显示“|”管道符号，需要用{{!}}代替。

在TEX中，就像在HTML中，额外的空格和新行会被忽略。

渲染

PNG图像的替换文本，可以用于视觉障碍或无法读图的读者，当文本被选中和复制时会被使用，默认为图像的维基源代码，不包括<math>和</math>。你可以通过清楚地为math元素添加一个alt属性来覆盖它。比如，<math alt="π的算术平方根">\sqrt{\pi}</math>产生图像，其替换文本为“π的算术平方根”。

除了函数和操作符名称，只要是数学变量，字母都是斜体的，数字不是斜体。对于其他文本，像变量标签，如要避免渲染成像棉量那样的斜体，使用\text、\mbox或\mathrm。你也可以通过\operatorname{...}来定义新的函数。比如，<math>\text{abc}</math>产生。也可用如下的写法定义新函数名 \operatorname{...}.

特殊字符

以下字符是保留字，和LaTeX下的含义相同，或者在所有字体下都不可用。

# $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \

如果需要显示这些保留字，就要在前面加上斜杠（\）。

<math>\# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \} </math>显示为

其他拥有特殊名称：

<math> \hat{} \quad \tilde{} \quad \backslash </math>显示为

<span id="TEX_and_HTML">

TEX和HTML

在介绍用于产生特殊字符的TEX标记前需要注意的是，就像这个比较表显示的那样，有时类似的结果可以在HTML中实现（参见特殊字符）。

TEX语法（强制PNG）	TEX渲染	HTML语法	HTML渲染
<math>\alpha</math>	$\alpha$	{{math|<var>&alpha;</var>}}	α
<math> f(x) = x^2\,</math>	$f(x)=x^{2}\,$	{{math|''f''(<var>x</var>) {{=}} <var>x</var><sup>2</sup>}}	f(x) = x2
<math>\sqrt{2}</math>	${\sqrt {2}}$	{{math|{{radical|2}}}}	√2
<math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>	${\sqrt {1-e^{2}}}$	{{math|{{radical|1 &minus; ''e''&sup2;}}}}	√1 − e²

左侧的代码可以产生右侧的符号, 后者除‘=’外也可以直接放在维基源代码中.

语法	渲染
α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω	α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± &infty; ≈ ∝ {{=}} ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × ⋅ ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ Ø ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ℵ - – —	∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ = ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × ⋅ ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ Ø ø ∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ℵ - – —

该专案已经同时在HTML和TeX确定了，因为在某些情况下它们各自有不同的优势。

函数、符号和特殊字符

声调/变音符号

\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}	${\acute {a}}{\grave {a}}{\hat {a}}{\tilde {a}}{\breve {a}}$
\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}	${\check {a}}{\bar {a}}{\ddot {a}}{\dot {a}}$

标准函数

\sin a \cos b \tan c	$\sin a\cos b\tan c$
\sec d \csc e \cot f	$\sec d\csc e\cot f$
\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j	$\arcsin h\arccos i\arctan j$
\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n	$\sinh k\cosh l\tanh m\coth n$
\operatorname{sh}o\,\operatorname{ch}p\,\operatorname{th}q	$\operatorname {sh} o\,\operatorname {ch} p\,\operatorname {th} q$
\operatorname{arsinh}r\,\operatorname{arcosh}s\,\operatorname{artanh}t	$\operatorname {arsinh} r\,\operatorname {arcosh} s\,\operatorname {artanh} t$
\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y	$\lim u\limsup v\liminf w\min x\max y$
\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g	$\inf z\sup a\exp b\ln c\lg d\log e\log _{10}f\ker g$
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n	$\deg h\gcd i\Pr j\det k\hom l\arg m\dim n$

模运算

s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}	$s_{k}\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}$
a\,\bmod\,b	$a\,{\bmod {\,}}b$

导数

\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}

$\nabla \,\partial x\,dx\,{\dot {x}}\,{\ddot {y}}\,dy/dx\,{\frac {dy}{dx}}\,{\frac {\partial ^{2}y}{\partial x_{1}\,\partial x_{2}}}$

集合

\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing	$\forall \exists \emptyset \emptyset \varnothing$
\in \ni \not\in \notin \not\ni \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq	$\in \ni \not \in \notin \not \ni \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq$
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus	$\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus$
\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup	$\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup$

运算符

+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -	$+\oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -$
\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot	$\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot$
\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}	$\star */\div {\frac {1}{2}}$

逻辑

\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p	$\land (or\land )\wedge \bigwedge {\bar {q}}\to p$
\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And	$\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q\And$

根

\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}

${\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt[{n}]{x}}$

关系

\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}	$\sim \approx \simeq \cong {\dot {=}}{\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}}{=}}$
< \le \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto	$<\leq \ll \gg \geq >\equiv \not \equiv \neq {\mbox{or}}\neq \propto$
\lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox	$\lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox$

几何符号

\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ

$\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \|45^{\circ }$

箭头

\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow	$\leftarrow (or\gets )\rightarrow (or\to )\nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow$
\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow (or \impliedby) \Longrightarrow (or \implies) \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)	解析失败 (转换错误。服务器（“cli”）报告：“SyntaxError: Illegal TeX function Found \impliedbyin 1:116”): {\displaystyle \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow (or \impliedby) \Longrightarrow (or \implies) \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)}
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow	$\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow$
\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons	$\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons$
\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright	$\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright$
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft	$\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft$
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow	$\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow$

特殊

\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \colon	$\And \eth \S \P \%\dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \colon$
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top	$\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top$
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar	$\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar$
\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement	$\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement$
\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp	$\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp$

未排序（新内容）

\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown	$\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown$
\square \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge	$\square \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge$
\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes	$\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes$
\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant	$\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant$
\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq	$\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq$
\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft	$\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft$
\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot	$\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot$
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq	$\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq$
\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork	$\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork$
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq	$\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq$
\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid	$\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid$
\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr	$\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr$
\subsetneq	$\subsetneq$
\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq	$\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq$
\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq	$\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq$
\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq	$\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq$
\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus	$\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus \,$
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq	$\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq \,$
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel	$\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel \,$
\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner	$\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner$
\Coppa\coppa\Digamma\Koppa\koppa\Sampi\sampi\Stigma\stigma\varstigma	$\mathrm {\Coppa} \mathrm {\coppa} \mathrm {\Digamma} \mathrm {\Koppa} \mathrm {\koppa} \mathrm {\Sampi} \mathrm {\sampi} \mathrm {\Stigma} \mathrm {\stigma} \mathrm {\varstigma}$

大型运算符

下标、上标、积分

功能	语法	效果
上标	a^2	$a^{2}$
下标	a_2	$a_{2}$
分组	a^{2+2}	$a^{2+2}$
	a_{i,j}	$a_{i,j}$
结合上下标(不含/含水平分离)	x_2^3	$x_{2}^{3}$
	{x_2}^3	${x_{2}}^{3}$
超乘方	10^{10^{8}}	$10^{10^{8}}$
Preceding and/or Additional sub & super	_nP_k	$_{n}P_{k}$
	\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b	$\sideset {_{1}^{2}}{_{3}^{4}}\prod _{a}^{b}$
	{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4	${}_{1}^{2}\!\Omega _{3}^{4}$
堆叠	\overset{\alpha}{\omega}	${\overset {\alpha }{\omega }}$
	\underset{\alpha}{\omega}	${\underset {\alpha }{\omega }}$
	\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}	${\overset {\alpha }{\underset {\gamma }{\omega }}}$
	\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}	${\stackrel {\alpha }{\omega }}$
衍生作品	x', y'', f', f''	$x',y'',f',f''$
	x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}	$x^{\prime },y^{\prime \prime }$
导数点	\dot{x}, \ddot{x}	${\dot {x}},{\ddot {x}}$
底线、上横线、向量	\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c	${\hat {a}}\ {\bar {b}}\ {\vec {c}}$
	\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}	${\overrightarrow {ab}}\ {\overleftarrow {cd}}\ {\widehat {def}}$
	\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}	${\overline {ghi}}\ {\underline {jkl}}$
	\not 1 \ \cancel{123}	$\not 1\ {\cancel {123}}$
箭头	A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C	$A\xleftarrow {n+\mu -1} B{\xrightarrow[{T}]{n\pm i-1}}C$
上括号	\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{\text{sum}\,=\,5050}	$\overbrace {1+2+\cdots +100} ^{{\text{sum}}\,=\,5050}$
下括号	\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26\text{ terms}}	$\underbrace {a+b+\cdots +z} _{26{\text{ terms}}}$
求和	\sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}$
Sum (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\textstyle \sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}$
求积	\prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
求积 (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\textstyle \prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
上积	\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\coprod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
上积 (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\textstyle \coprod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
极限	\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}$
极限 (force \textstyle)	\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\textstyle \lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}$
积分	\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx	$\int \limits _{1}^{3}{\frac {e^{3}/x}{x^{2}}}\,dx$
积分（交替限制样式）	\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx	$\int _{1}^{3}{\frac {e^{3}/x}{x^{2}}}\,dx$
积分（强制\textstyle）	\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\textstyle \int \limits _{-N}^{N}e^{x}\,dx$
积分 (force \textstyle, alternate limits style)	\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\textstyle \int _{-N}^{N}e^{x}\,dx$
二重积分	\iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy	$\iint \limits _{D}\,dx\,dy$
三重积分	\iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz	$\iiint \limits _{E}\,dx\,dy\,dz$
四重积分	\iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt	$\iiiint \limits _{F}\,dx\,dy\,dz\,dt$
线积分和路径积分	\int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	$\int _{C}x^{3}\,dx+4y^{2}\,dy$
闭合线或路径积分	\oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	$\oint _{C}x^{3}\,dx+4y^{2}\,dy$
交集	\bigcap_1^n p	$\bigcap _{1}^{n}p$
并集	\bigcup_1^k p	$\bigcup _{1}^{k}p$

分数、矩阵、多线

功能	语法	效果
分数	\frac{1}{2}=0.5	${\frac {1}{2}}=0.5$
小型分数（使用"\textstyle"）	\tfrac{1}{2} = 0.5	${\tfrac {1}{2}}=0.5$
大型分数	\dfrac{k}{k-1} = 0.5	${\dfrac {k}{k-1}}=0.5$
大分子和小分子的混合物	\dfrac{ \tfrac{1}{2}[1-(\tfrac{1}{2})^n] }{ 1-\tfrac{1}{2} } = s_n	${\dfrac {{\tfrac {1}{2}}[1-({\tfrac {1}{2}})^{n}]}{1-{\tfrac {1}{2}}}}=s_{n}$
连分数 （注意格式的不同）	\cfrac{2}{ c + \cfrac{2}{ d + \cfrac{1}{2} } } = a \qquad \dfrac{2}{ c + \dfrac{2}{ d + \dfrac{1}{2} } } = a	${\cfrac {2}{c+{\cfrac {2}{d+{\cfrac {1}{2}}}}}}=a\qquad {\dfrac {2}{c+{\dfrac {2}{d+{\dfrac {1}{2}}}}}}=a$
二项式系数	\binom{n}{k}	${\binom {n}{k}}$
小型（“文本样式”）二项式系数	\tbinom{n}{k}	${\tbinom {n}{k}}$
大型（“显示样式”）二项式系数	\dbinom{n}{k}	${\dbinom {n}{k}}$
矩阵	\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}	${\begin{matrix}x&y\\z&v\end{matrix}}$
	\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}	${\begin{vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{vmatrix}}$
	\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}	${\begin{Vmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Vmatrix}}$
	\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}	${\begin{bmatrix}0&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&\cdots &0\end{bmatrix}}$
	\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}	${\begin{Bmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Bmatrix}}$
	\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}	${\begin{pmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{pmatrix}}$
	\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)	${\bigl (}{\begin{smallmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{smallmatrix}}{\bigr )}$
数组	\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\ \hline 0&0&1\\ 0&1&1\\ 1&0&1\\ 1&1&0 \end{array}	${\begin{array}{|c|c||c|}a&b&S\\\hline 0&0&1\\0&1&1\\1&0&1\\1&1&0\end{array}}$
范例	f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}	$f(n)={\begin{cases}n/2,&{\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is even}}\\3n+1,&{\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is odd}}\end{cases}}$
方程組	\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z &= 1 \\ 7x - 2y + 4z &= 2 \\ -6x + 3y + 2z &= 3 \end{cases}	${\begin{cases}3x+5y+z&=1\\7x-2y+4z&=2\\-6x+3y+2z&=3\end{cases}}$
分解一个长表示式，以便在必要时将其换行	<math>f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n</math> <math>= a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + \cdots</math>	$f(x)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}x^{n}$ $=a_{0}+a_{1}x+a_{2}x^{2}+\cdots$
多行方程式	\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \end{align}	${\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(a+b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\end{aligned}}$
	\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \end{alignat}	${\begin{alignedat}{2}f(x)&=(a-b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}-2ab+b^{2}\end{alignedat}}$
联立多行方程式 (left, center, right)	\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	${\begin{array}{lcl}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}$
	\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	${\begin{array}{lcr}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}$

为大表达式加括号、线条等

功能	语法	效果
不良	( \frac{1}{2} )	$({\frac {1}{2}})$
良好	\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )	$\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)$

你可以用 \left 和 \right 来显示不同的括号：

功能	语法	效果
圆括号	\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )	$\left({\frac {a}{b}}\right)$
方括号	\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack	$\left[{\frac {a}{b}}\right]\quad \left\lbrack {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rbrack$
花括号 (note the backslash before the braces in the code)	\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace	$\left\{{\frac {a}{b}}\right\}\quad \left\lbrace {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rbrace$
尖括弧	\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle	$\left\langle {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rangle$
竖线和双竖线（注意：“竖线”用于呈现绝对值函数）	\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|	$\left|{\frac {a}{b}}\right\vert \left\Vert {\frac {c}{d}}\right\|$
取整函数：	\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil	$\left\lfloor {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rfloor \left\lceil {\frac {c}{d}}\right\rceil$
斜杠和反斜杠	\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash	$\left/{\frac {a}{b}}\right\backslash$
向上、向下和向上向下箭头	\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow	$\left\uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\downarrow \quad \left\Uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Downarrow \quad \left\updownarrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Updownarrow$
分隔符可以混合使用，只要都使用\left和\right	\left [ 0,1 \right ) \left \langle \psi \right |	$\left[0,1\right)$ $\left\langle \psi \right|$
如果您不希望显示分隔符，请使用 \left. 或 \right.：	\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X	$\left.{\frac {A}{B}}\right\}\to X$
分隔符的大小	\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]	${\big (}{\Big (}{\bigg (}{\Bigg (}\dots {\Bigg ]}{\bigg ]}{\Big ]}{\big ]}$
	\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle	${\big \{}{\Big \{}{\bigg \{}{\Bigg \{}\dots {\Bigg \rangle }{\bigg \rangle }{\Big \rangle }{\big \rangle }$
	\big| \Big| \bigg| \Bigg| \dots \Bigg\| \bigg\| \Big\| \big\|	${\big |}{\Big |}{\bigg |}{\Bigg |}\dots {\Bigg \|}{\bigg \|}{\Big \|}{\big \|}$
	\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil	${\big \lfloor }{\Big \lfloor }{\bigg \lfloor }{\Bigg \lfloor }\dots {\Bigg \rceil }{\bigg \rceil }{\Big \rceil }{\big \rceil }$
	\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow	${\big \uparrow }{\Big \uparrow }{\bigg \uparrow }{\Bigg \uparrow }\dots {\Bigg \Downarrow }{\bigg \Downarrow }{\Big \Downarrow }{\big \Downarrow }$
	\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow	${\big \updownarrow }{\Big \updownarrow }{\bigg \updownarrow }{\Bigg \updownarrow }\dots {\Bigg \Updownarrow }{\bigg \Updownarrow }{\Big \Updownarrow }{\big \Updownarrow }$
	\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash	${\big /}{\Big /}{\bigg /}{\Bigg /}\dots {\Bigg \backslash }{\bigg \backslash }{\Big \backslash }{\big \backslash }$

字母和字体

Texvc无法呈现任意Unicode字符。可以透过下表显示可显示的字元。 对于其他字元，例如西里尔字母，它们可以作为Unicode或HTML实体在运行文本中输入，但无法在公式显示。

希腊字母
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta	$\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \,$
\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu	$\mathrm {H} \Theta \mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \,$
\Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau	$\mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi \mathrm {P} \Sigma \mathrm {T} \,$
\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega	$\Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega \,$
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta	$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \,$
\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu	$\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \,$
\nu \xi \omicron \pi \rho \sigma \tau	$\nu \xi \mathrm {o} \pi \rho \sigma \tau \,$
\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega	$\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \,$
\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa	$\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa \,$
\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi	$\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi \,$
黑板粗体/字形
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}	$\mathbb {A} \mathbb {B} \mathbb {C} \mathbb {D} \mathbb {E} \mathbb {F} \mathbb {G} \,$
\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}	$\mathbb {H} \mathbb {I} \mathbb {J} \mathbb {K} \mathbb {L} \mathbb {M} \,$
\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}	$\mathbb {N} \mathbb {O} \mathbb {P} \mathbb {Q} \mathbb {R} \mathbb {S} \mathbb {T} \,$
\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}	$\mathbb {U} \mathbb {V} \mathbb {W} \mathbb {X} \mathbb {Y} \mathbb {Z} \,$
\C \N \Q \R \Z	$\mathbb {C} \mathbb {N} \mathbb {Q} \mathbb {R} \mathbb {Z}$
粗体（向量）
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}	$\mathbf {A} \mathbf {B} \mathbf {C} \mathbf {D} \mathbf {E} \mathbf {F} \mathbf {G} \,$
\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}	$\mathbf {H} \mathbf {I} \mathbf {J} \mathbf {K} \mathbf {L} \mathbf {M} \,$
\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}	$\mathbf {N} \mathbf {O} \mathbf {P} \mathbf {Q} \mathbf {R} \mathbf {S} \mathbf {T} \,$
\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}	$\mathbf {U} \mathbf {V} \mathbf {W} \mathbf {X} \mathbf {Y} \mathbf {Z} \,$
\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}	$\mathbf {a} \mathbf {b} \mathbf {c} \mathbf {d} \mathbf {e} \mathbf {f} \mathbf {g} \,$
\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}	$\mathbf {h} \mathbf {i} \mathbf {j} \mathbf {k} \mathbf {l} \mathbf {m} \,$
\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}	$\mathbf {n} \mathbf {o} \mathbf {p} \mathbf {q} \mathbf {r} \mathbf {s} \mathbf {t} \,$
\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}	$\mathbf {u} \mathbf {v} \mathbf {w} \mathbf {x} \mathbf {y} \mathbf {z} \,$
\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}	$\mathbf {0} \mathbf {1} \mathbf {2} \mathbf {3} \mathbf {4} \,$
\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}	$\mathbf {5} \mathbf {6} \mathbf {7} \mathbf {8} \mathbf {9} \,$
粗体（希腊字母）
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {A} }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {B} }}{\boldsymbol {\Gamma }}{\boldsymbol {\Delta }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {E} }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {Z} }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {H} }}{\boldsymbol {\Theta }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {I} }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {K} }}{\boldsymbol {\Lambda }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {M} }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Omicron} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {N} }}{\boldsymbol {\Xi }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {O} }}{\boldsymbol {\Pi }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {P} }}{\boldsymbol {\Sigma }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {T} }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}	${\boldsymbol {\Upsilon }}{\boldsymbol {\Phi }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {X} }}{\boldsymbol {\Psi }}{\boldsymbol {\Omega }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}	${\boldsymbol {\alpha }}{\boldsymbol {\beta }}{\boldsymbol {\gamma }}{\boldsymbol {\delta }}{\boldsymbol {\epsilon }}{\boldsymbol {\zeta }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}	${\boldsymbol {\eta }}{\boldsymbol {\theta }}{\boldsymbol {\iota }}{\boldsymbol {\kappa }}{\boldsymbol {\lambda }}{\boldsymbol {\mu }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\omicron} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}	${\boldsymbol {\nu }}{\boldsymbol {\xi }}{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {o} }}{\boldsymbol {\pi }}{\boldsymbol {\rho }}{\boldsymbol {\sigma }}{\boldsymbol {\tau }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}	${\boldsymbol {\upsilon }}{\boldsymbol {\phi }}{\boldsymbol {\chi }}{\boldsymbol {\psi }}{\boldsymbol {\omega }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}	${\boldsymbol {\varepsilon }}{\boldsymbol {\digamma }}{\boldsymbol {\vartheta }}{\boldsymbol {\varkappa }}\,$
\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}	${\boldsymbol {\varpi }}{\boldsymbol {\varrho }}{\boldsymbol {\varsigma }}{\boldsymbol {\varphi }}\,$
斜体
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}	${\mathit {A}}{\mathit {B}}{\mathit {C}}{\mathit {D}}{\mathit {E}}{\mathit {F}}{\mathit {G}}\,$
\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}	${\mathit {H}}{\mathit {I}}{\mathit {J}}{\mathit {K}}{\mathit {L}}{\mathit {M}}\,$
\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}	${\mathit {N}}{\mathit {O}}{\mathit {P}}{\mathit {Q}}{\mathit {R}}{\mathit {S}}{\mathit {T}}\,$
\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}	${\mathit {U}}{\mathit {V}}{\mathit {W}}{\mathit {X}}{\mathit {Y}}{\mathit {Z}}\,$
\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}	${\mathit {a}}{\mathit {b}}{\mathit {c}}{\mathit {d}}{\mathit {e}}{\mathit {f}}{\mathit {g}}\,$
\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}	${\mathit {h}}{\mathit {i}}{\mathit {j}}{\mathit {k}}{\mathit {l}}{\mathit {m}}\,$
\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}	${\mathit {n}}{\mathit {o}}{\mathit {p}}{\mathit {q}}{\mathit {r}}{\mathit {s}}{\mathit {t}}\,$
\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}	${\mathit {u}}{\mathit {v}}{\mathit {w}}{\mathit {x}}{\mathit {y}}{\mathit {z}}\,$
\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}	${\mathit {0}}{\mathit {1}}{\mathit {2}}{\mathit {3}}{\mathit {4}}\,$
\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}	${\mathit {5}}{\mathit {6}}{\mathit {7}}{\mathit {8}}{\mathit {9}}\,$
罗马字体
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}	$\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \mathrm {C} \mathrm {D} \mathrm {E} \mathrm {F} \mathrm {G} \,$
\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}	$\mathrm {H} \mathrm {I} \mathrm {J} \mathrm {K} \mathrm {L} \mathrm {M} \,$
\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}	$\mathrm {N} \mathrm {O} \mathrm {P} \mathrm {Q} \mathrm {R} \mathrm {S} \mathrm {T} \,$
\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}	$\mathrm {U} \mathrm {V} \mathrm {W} \mathrm {X} \mathrm {Y} \mathrm {Z} \,$
\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}	$\mathrm {a} \mathrm {b} \mathrm {c} \mathrm {d} \mathrm {e} \mathrm {f} \mathrm {g} \,$
\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}	$\mathrm {h} \mathrm {i} \mathrm {j} \mathrm {k} \mathrm {l} \mathrm {m} \,$
\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}	$\mathrm {n} \mathrm {o} \mathrm {p} \mathrm {q} \mathrm {r} \mathrm {s} \mathrm {t} \,$
\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}	$\mathrm {u} \mathrm {v} \mathrm {w} \mathrm {x} \mathrm {y} \mathrm {z} \,$
\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}	$\mathrm {0} \mathrm {1} \mathrm {2} \mathrm {3} \mathrm {4} \,$
\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}	$\mathrm {5} \mathrm {6} \mathrm {7} \mathrm {8} \mathrm {9} \,$
德文尖角体
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}	${\mathfrak {A}}{\mathfrak {B}}{\mathfrak {C}}{\mathfrak {D}}{\mathfrak {E}}{\mathfrak {F}}{\mathfrak {G}}\,$
\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}	${\mathfrak {H}}{\mathfrak {I}}{\mathfrak {J}}{\mathfrak {K}}{\mathfrak {L}}{\mathfrak {M}}\,$
\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}	${\mathfrak {N}}{\mathfrak {O}}{\mathfrak {P}}{\mathfrak {Q}}{\mathfrak {R}}{\mathfrak {S}}{\mathfrak {T}}\,$
\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}	${\mathfrak {U}}{\mathfrak {V}}{\mathfrak {W}}{\mathfrak {X}}{\mathfrak {Y}}{\mathfrak {Z}}\,$
\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}	${\mathfrak {a}}{\mathfrak {b}}{\mathfrak {c}}{\mathfrak {d}}{\mathfrak {e}}{\mathfrak {f}}{\mathfrak {g}}\,$
\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}	${\mathfrak {h}}{\mathfrak {i}}{\mathfrak {j}}{\mathfrak {k}}{\mathfrak {l}}{\mathfrak {m}}\,$
\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}	${\mathfrak {n}}{\mathfrak {o}}{\mathfrak {p}}{\mathfrak {q}}{\mathfrak {r}}{\mathfrak {s}}{\mathfrak {t}}\,$
\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}	${\mathfrak {u}}{\mathfrak {v}}{\mathfrak {w}}{\mathfrak {x}}{\mathfrak {y}}{\mathfrak {z}}\,$
\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}	${\mathfrak {0}}{\mathfrak {1}}{\mathfrak {2}}{\mathfrak {3}}{\mathfrak {4}}\,$
\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}	${\mathfrak {5}}{\mathfrak {6}}{\mathfrak {7}}{\mathfrak {8}}{\mathfrak {9}}\,$
书法/字形
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}	${\mathcal {A}}{\mathcal {B}}{\mathcal {C}}{\mathcal {D}}{\mathcal {E}}{\mathcal {F}}{\mathcal {G}}\,$
\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}	${\mathcal {H}}{\mathcal {I}}{\mathcal {J}}{\mathcal {K}}{\mathcal {L}}{\mathcal {M}}\,$
\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}	${\mathcal {N}}{\mathcal {O}}{\mathcal {P}}{\mathcal {Q}}{\mathcal {R}}{\mathcal {S}}{\mathcal {T}}\,$
\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}	${\mathcal {U}}{\mathcal {V}}{\mathcal {W}}{\mathcal {X}}{\mathcal {Y}}{\mathcal {Z}}\,$
希伯来字母
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth	$\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth \,$

功能	语法	效果
非斜体字符	\mbox{abc}	${\mbox{abc}}$
混合斜体 (差)	\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}	${\mbox{if}}n{\mbox{is even}}$
混合斜体 (佳)	\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}	${\mbox{if }}n{\mbox{ is even}}$
混合斜体（更多: ~ is a non-breaking space, 用 "\ " 强制空格）	\mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even}	${\mbox{if}}~n\ {\mbox{is even}}$

颜色

公式可以有颜色：

• {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{YellowOrange}2x}-{\color{OliveGreen}1}

  ${\color {Blue}x^{2}}+{\color {YellowOrange}2x}-{\color {OliveGreen}1}$

• x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}

  $x_{1,2}={\frac {-b\pm {\sqrt {\color {Red}b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}$

所有的已命名颜色可以在这里（已存档）找到。

如果需要对公式进行标识，不要仅仅使用颜色。黑白打印后就看不出颜色了，而且有人可能是色盲。

格式问题

空格

注意TEX自动处理大多数空格，但有时你可能需要手动控制。

功能	语法	效果
double quad space	a \qquad b	$a\qquad b$
quad space	a \quad b	$a\quad b$
文本空间	a\ b	$a\ b$
没有PNG转换的文字空间	a \mbox{ } b	$a{\mbox{ }}b$
large space	a\;b	$a\;b$
medium space	a\>b	[not supported]
small space	a\,b	$a\,b$
no space	ab	$ab\,$
small negative space	a\!b	$a\!b$

自动间距可能会在很长的表达式中被破坏（因为它们在TEX中产生一个过满的hbox）：

<math>0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots</math>

$0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots$

这可以透过在整个表达式两测放置一对大括弧{}来补救：

<math>{0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots}</math>

${0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+\cdots }$

与正常文本流对齐

由于默认css

img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }

像$\int _{-N}^{N}e^{x}\,dx$这样的行内表达式应该效果不错。

If you need to align it otherwise, use <math style="vertical-align:-100%;">...</math> and play with the vertical-align argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

Also note that if you rely on this workaround, if/when the rendering on the server gets fixed in future releases, as a result of this extra manual offset your formulae will suddenly be aligned incorrectly. So use it sparingly, if at all.

Commutative diagrams

要制作一个交换图表，有三个步骤：

• 在TeX中写一个图
• 转为SVG
• 上传文件到维基共享资源

<span id="Diagrams_in_TEX">

TEX中的图表

Xy-pic（在线指导）是最强大，最通用的TeX图表包。

更简单的套件包括：

• AMS的amscd
• Paul Taylor 的 diagrams
• François Borceux Diagrams

以下是Xy-pic的模板，再加上一个增加dvips中边距的边及技巧，以免图表被过度截断（在TUGboat中建议TUGboat, Volume 17 1996, No. 3）：

\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage[all, ps]{xy} % 載入 XY-Pic 包
                         % 使用印表機驅動程式以實現更平滑的曲線
\usepackage{color}       % 用於不可視的框架
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty} % 無頁碼
\SelectTips{eu}{}     % 歐拉箭號（提示）
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0pt} % 框架框邊距
{\color{white}\framebox{{\color{black}$$ % 邊距框架
   
   \xymatrix{ % 該圖是一個 3x3 矩陣
   %%% 圖表在此 %%%
   }
   
   $$}}} % end math, end frame
\end{document}

如果改用文档类\documentclass[preview]{standalone}，则会自动裁剪并输出pdf档。

转换成SVG

在LaTeX(或TEX)中生成图表后，可以使用以下命令序列将其转换为SVG文件：

pdflatex file.tex
pdfcrop --clip file.pdf tmp.pdf
pdf2svg tmp.pdf file.svg
  (rm tmp.pdf at the end)

此过程需要pdflatex、pdfcrop及pdf2svg程式。

如果您没有这些程式，可以使用以下指令

latex 文件.tex
dvipdfm 文件.dvi

以获取图表的PDF版本。

项目

通常，如果没有TEX和Ghostscript，您将无法获得图表，而inkscape程式是手动创建或修改图表的有用工具。 还有一个实用程式pstoedit，它支援从Postscript档直接转换为许多向量图形格式，但它需要一个非自由插件才能转换为SVG，无论格式如何，此编辑者都没有成功地使用它来转换来自TEX创建的档中带有对角线箭头的图表。

这些程式为：

• 一个有效的TEX发行版，例如TeX Live
• Ghostscript
• pstoedit
• Inkscape

上传文件

See also: commons:Commons:First steps/Upload form

See also: en:Help:Contents/Images and media

由于图表是你自己的作品，所以可以把它上传到Wikimedia Commons，这样所有文本（也就是所有语言）都可以使用它，而不必把它复制到他们各字语言的维基上。（如果您之前已将文件上传到共用资源以外的其他位置，请到跨维基将图像移动到共享资源。

Check size

Before uploading, check that the default size of the image is neither too large nor too small by opening in an SVG application and viewing at default size (100% scaling), otherwise adjust the -y option to dvips.

Name

Make sure the file has a meaningful name.

Upload

Login to Wikimedia Commons, then upload the file; for the Summary, give a brief description.

Now go to the image page and add a description, including the source code, using this template (using {{Information}}):

{{Information

|Description =
   {{en| 描述[[:en:Link to WP page|topic]]
  }}
|Source = {{own}}

建立如下：

[[:en:meta:Help:Displaying a formula#Commutative diagrams]]; 原始碼如下。
|Date = 創建日期，如1999-12-31
|Author = [[User:您的使用者名|您的真實姓名]]
|Permission = 公有領域; (or other license) 見下文。
  }}

== LaTeX來源 ==
<source lang="latex">
% LaTeX來源在此
</source>

== [[Commons:Copyright tags|Licensing]]: ==
  {{self|PD-self (or other license)|author=[[User:YourUserName|Your Real Name]]}}
   
   [[Category:描述性類別，如"群論"]]
[[Category:Commutative diagrams]]

Source code

• Include the source code in the image page, in a LaTeX source section, so that the diagram can be edited in future.
• Include the complete .tex file, not just the fragment, so future editors do not need to reconstruct a compilable file.

License

The most common license for commutative diagrams is PD-self; some use PD-ineligible, especially for simple diagrams, or other licenses. Please do not use the GFDL, as it requires the entire text of the GFDL to be attached to any document that uses the diagram.

Description

If possible, link to a Wikipedia page relevant to the diagram.

Category

Include [[Category:Commutative diagrams]], so that it appears in commons:Category:Commutative diagrams. There are also subcategories, which you may choose to use.

Include image

Now include the image on the original page via [[Image:Diagram.svg]]

示例

一个符合性的示例图是commons:Image:PSU-PU.svg。

化学

有两种方法可以呈现化学方程式中使用的化学和式：

• <math chem>
• <chem>

<chem>X</chem> 是 <math chem>\ce{X}</math>的缩写

（其中 X 是化学总和式）

根据mathjax documentation，技术上来说<math chem>是一个启用了扩展mhchem的math标签。

请注意，命令 cee和cf 处于禁用状态，因为它们在 mhchem LaTeX package documentation软件包文档中被标记为已弃用。

If the formula reaches a certain "complexity", spaces might be ignored (<chem>A + B</chem> might be rendered as if it were <chem>A+B</chem> with a positive charge). In that case, write <chem>A{} + B</chem> (and not <chem>{A} + {B}</chem> as was previously suggested). This will allow auto-cleaning of formulae once the bug will be fixed and/or a newer mhchem version will be used.

参见下面的例子。

示例

化学

<chem>C6H5-CHO</chem>
${\ce {C6H5-CHO}}$

<chem>\mathit{A} ->[\ce{+H2O}] \mathit{B}</chem>
${\ce {{\mathit {A}}->[{\ce {+H2O}}]{\mathit {B}}}}$

<math chem>A \ce{->[\ce{+H2O}]} B</math>
$A{\ce {->[{\ce {+H2O}}]}}B$

<chem>SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v</chem>
${\ce {SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v}}$

<chem>H2NCO2- + H2O <=> NH4+ + CO3^2-</chem>
${\ce {H2NCO2- + H2O <=> NH4+ + CO3^2-}}$

<chem>H2O</chem>
${\ce {H2O}}$

<chem>Sb2O3</chem>
${\ce {Sb2O3}}$

<chem>H+</chem>
${\ce {H+}}$

<chem>CrO4^2-</chem>
${\ce {CrO4^2-}}$

<chem>AgCl2-</chem>
${\ce {AgCl2-}}$

<chem>[AgCl2]-</chem>
${\ce {[AgCl2]-}}$

<chem>Y^{99}+</chem>
${\ce {Y^{99}+}}$

<chem>Y^{99+}</chem>
${\ce {Y^{99+}}}$

<chem>H2_{(aq)}</chem>
${\ce {H2_{(aq)}}}$

<chem>NO3-</chem>
${\ce {NO3-}}$

<chem>(NH4)2S</chem>
${\ce {(NH4)2S}}$

二次多项式

$ax^{2}+bx+c=0$

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>

二次多项式（强制PNG渲染）

$ax^{2}+bx+c=0\,$

<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,</math>

二次公式

$x={\frac {-b\pm {\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}$

<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>

大括号和分数

$2=\left({\frac {\left(3-x\right)\times 2}{3-x}}\right)$

<math>2 = \left(
 \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x}
 \right)</math>

$S_{\text{new}}=S_{\text{old}}-{\frac {\left(5-T\right)^{2}}{2}}$

 <math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>
   

积分

$\int _{a}^{x}\!\!\!\int _{a}^{s}f(y)\,dy\,ds=\int _{a}^{x}f(y)(x-y)\,dy$

<math>\int_a^x \!\!\!\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds
 = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>

求和

$\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {m^{2}\,n}{3^{m}\left(m\,3^{n}+n\,3^{m}\right)}}$

<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}
 {3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>

微分方程

$u''+p(x)u'+q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a$

<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>

复数

$|{\bar {z}}|=|z|,|({\bar {z}})^{n}|=|z|^{n},\arg(z^{n})=n\arg(z)$

<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|,
 |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n,
 \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>

极限

$\lim _{z\rightarrow z_{0}}f(z)=f(z_{0})$

<math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>

积分方程

$\phi _{n}(\kappa )={\frac {1}{4\pi ^{2}\kappa ^{2}}}\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}}{\frac {\partial }{\partial R}}\left[R^{2}{\frac {\partial D_{n}(R)}{\partial R}}\right]\,dR$

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =
 \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty
 \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R}
 \frac{\partial}{\partial R}
 \left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math>

示例

$\phi _{n}(\kappa )=0.033C_{n}^{2}\kappa ^{-11/3},\quad {\frac {1}{L_{0}}}\ll \kappa \ll {\frac {1}{l_{0}}}$

<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 
 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad
 \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>

延续和案例

$f(x)={\begin{cases}1&-1\leq x<0\\{\frac {1}{2}}&x=0\\1-x^{2}&{\mbox{otherwise}}\end{cases}}$

<math>
 f(x) =
 \begin{cases}
 1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\
 \frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\
 1 - x^2 & \mbox{otherwise}
 \end{cases}
 </math>

前缀下标

${}_{p}F_{q}(a_{1},\dots ,a_{p};c_{1},\dots ,c_{q};z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(a_{1})_{n}\cdots (a_{p})_{n}}{(c_{1})_{n}\cdots (c_{q})_{n}}}{\frac {z^{n}}{n!}}$

 <math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z)
 = \sum_{n=0}^\infty
 \frac{(a_1)_n\cdots(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdots(c_q)_n}
 \frac{z^n}{n!}</math>

分数和小分数

${\frac {a}{b}}$   ${\tfrac {a}{b}}$
<math> \frac {a}{b}\  \tfrac {a}{b} </math>